Jessica Berenice Flores-Mendoza
National Autonomous University of Mexico, MexicoPresentation Title:
Mental health and adherence to a heart-healthy diet: A comparative study in patients with Ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary revascularization
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality both in Mexico and globally. Its development is closely linked to psychosocial factors, such as anxiety and the various coping styles adopted in relation to illness and diet. In this context, interventions that incorporate strategies focused on a heart-healthy diet and effective stress management can play a crucial role in ensuring optimal adherence to medical and behavioral treatments. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between coping mechanisms regarding a heart-healthy diet, anxiety levels, and adherence to cardiovascular-beneficial dietary guidelines, and to determine differences between groups based on type of coping and anxiety levels in CAD patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,504 Mexican patients diagnosed with CAD, aged between 30 and 82 years (M = 52, SD = 12.5), 42% women and 58% men. Participants were evaluated using the Heart-Healthy Diet Questionnaire (PREDIMED), the Coping Strategies Toward a Heart-Healthy Diet Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety Scale. Pearson correlation coefficients and a 2 x 4 ANOVA design were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Moderate-strength significant relationships were observed among the studied variables. Statistically significant differences were also identified between groups characterized by severe anxiety compared to those with no anxiety, mild, and moderate anxiety levels.
Conclusions: The findings of this research indicate the presence of severe anxiety symptoms in patients with CAD, which represents a relevant risk factor for disease progression. This state of anxiety is associated with adverse effects on adherence to heart-healthy dietary practices and the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation, both of which are crucial as cardioprotective measures and secondary prevention strategies for patients with ischemic
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